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    sub mask_short_to_long1 {

        my @octets = unpack "C4", pack "V", 2 ** $_[0] -1 ;
...
        return join '.', @octets;
    }

    sub mask_short_to_long2 {

        my @octets = unpack "b8b8b8b8", pack "V", 2 ** $_[0] -1 ;
...
    }

    sub mask_short_to_long3 {

        my $mask = shift;
...
    }