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if (length $word > 45) {
  my $forty_sixth = substr($word, 45, 1);
  $word = substr($word, 0, 45);
  $word =~ s/\s*\w*\z// if $forty_sixth =~ /\w/;
}

if (length $word > 45) {
  my $forty_sixth = substr($word, 45, 1);
...
  $word =~ s/\w+\z// if $forty_sixth =~ /^\w/;
  $word =~ s/\s+\z//;
}