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  1. or download this
        $foo = def( $bar, $default_for_foo );
  2. or download this
        $a = has( a=>$hashref, $default_for_a );
  3. or download this
    sub has {
        my( $key, $hv, $val, $force )= @_;
        if(  exists $hv->{$key}  ) {
    ...
        }
        return $val;
    }