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$var = mysub();
@var = mysub();
...
    print "You want a scalar\n" unless wantarray;
    print "You either want a hash or an array\n" if wantarray;
}

my($var,@var,%var);

...
    print "You want an array\n" if ref($ref) eq 'ARRAY';
    print "You want a hash\n"   if ref($ref) eq 'HASH';
}