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$hash{key};         # single dimension hash
$hash{key1}{key2};  # multiple dimension hash

Subroutine calls and lookups of individual array elements arise often 
+enough that it gets 
cumbersome to use method 2. As a form of syntactic sugar, the examples
+ for method 2 may 
...

The left side of the arrow can be any expression returning a
reference, including a previous dereference.

 
    $array[$x]->{"foo"}->[0] = "January";
This is one of the cases we mentioned earlier in which references coul
+d spring into 
...
look up {"foo"}in it. Likewise $array[$x]->{"foo"}will automatically g
+et defined 
with an array reference so that we can look up [0]in it. 
One more thing here.

 

    $array[$x]{"foo"}[0] = "January";
...
Well, okay, not entirely like C's arrays, actually.
C doesn't know how to grow its arrays on demand. 
Perl does.

$$player_dbref{player_name}{ip}{user_id};