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#! perl -sw
use strict;
...
00019    fox       crab      eating    Dusicyon   Thous
00020    fox                 Hoary     Dusicyon   Vetulus
00021    fox       bat       eared     Octocyon   Megalotis

00001    fox       brown     indian    VULPES     Bengalensis
00002    fox       blanford  quick     VULPES     Cana
...
00019    fox       crab      eating    DUSICYON   Thous
00020    fox                 Hoary     DUSICYON   Vetulus
00021    fox       bat       eared     OCTOCYON   Megalotis

my %fields = (
    record_num       =>[0,10],
...
);

substr($buf, @{$fields{genus}}) = uc(substr($buf, @{$fields{genus}});

my @str = map{ \substr($str, $_, 1) } 0..length($s)-1;
$str[3] = 'b' if $str[7] eq 'N';

my @c = split'',$str; 
$c[3] = 'b' if $c[7] eq 'N'; 
$str=join'',@c;