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if ($hash{$x} == 1)
{
...
     # faster than if(defined($hash{$x}))
     # when $hash{$x} is defined
}

#!/usr/bin/perl

...
        }
});

Benchmark: timing 1000000 iterations of Hash Assigned Hit Equality, Ha
+sh Assigned Hit Truth,
    Hash Assigned Miss Equality, Hash Assigned Miss Truth, Hash Define
+d Hit, Hash Defined Miss...
...
Hash Assigned Miss Truth:  1 wallclock secs ( 1.15 usr +  0.01 sys =  
+1.16 CPU) @ 862068.97/s (n=1000000)
Hash Defined Hit:  1 wallclock secs ( 1.41 usr +  0.00 sys =  1.41 CPU
+) @ 709219.86/s (n=1000000)
Hash Defined Miss:  2 wallclock secs ( 0.95 usr +  0.00 sys =  0.95 CP
+U) @ 1052631.58/s (n=1000000)