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my $str =
  "25 {fred and barney} text 2.36 12.0 {bam bam} text {pebbles}";
...

before - 25 {fred and barney} text 2.36 12.0 {bam bam} text {pebbles}
after  - 25 {fred_and_barney} text 2.36 12.0 {bam_bam} text {pebbles}

my $str =
  "25 {fred and barney} text 2.36 12.0 {bam bam} text {pebbles}";
...

before - 25 {fred and barney} text 2.36 12.0 {bam bam} text {pebbles}
after  - 25 {between brackets} text 2.36 12.0 {between brackets} text 
+{between brackets}