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6.  References of the appropriate type can spring into existence if yo
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    dereference them in a context that assumes they exist. Because we
    haven't talked about dereferencing yet, we can't show you any
    examples yet.

3.  Subroutine calls and lookups of individual array elements arise
    often enough that it gets cumbersome to use method 2. As a form of
...
    `{"foo"}' in it. Likewise `$array[$x]->{"foo"}' will automatically
    get defined with an array reference so that we can look up `[0]' i
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    it. This process is called *autovivification*.