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$choice = lc $choice;

# ... later ...

if ($choice eq 'l')

my $filename = 'birthday.db';

...
open IN, $filename || die "Cannot read '$filename': $!\n";
print <IN>;
close IN;

use constant CHOICE_LIST => 'l';
my $db_file = 'birthday.db';
...
    print <IN>;
    close IN;
}

if ($choice eq CHOICE_MODIFY)
{
...
    print OUT "$_:$birthdays{$_}\n" for keys %birthdays;
    close OUT;
}