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```
my $self = shift;
my %param = @_;
```
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```
my ($self,%param) = @_;
```

use Benchmark qw(cmpthese);
cmpthese( -2,{
...
5.6.2       Rate    list shiftit
list     94936/s      --    -68%
shiftit 297717/s    214%      --

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sub list { my ($self,%param) = @_ }
sub shiftit { my $self = shift; my %param = @_ }
...
5.6.2      Rate shiftit    list
shiftit 89341/s      --    -10%
list    98866/s     11%      --

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cmpthese( -2,{
 list => sub { list( qw(foo) ) },
...
5.6.2       Rate shiftit    list
shiftit 179408/s      --    -12%
list    203990/s     14%      --

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cmpthese( -2,{
 list => sub { list() },
...
5.6.2       Rate shiftit    list
shiftit 212031/s      --    -14%
list    246447/s     16%      --

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To call subroutines:

...
           NAME LIST;     # Parentheses optional if predeclared/import
+ed.
           &NAME(LIST);   # Circumvent prototypes.
           &NAME;         # Makes current @_ visible to called subrout
+ine.

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cmpthese( -2,{
 list => sub { &list },
...
5.6.2       Rate    list shiftit
list    135814/s      --    -61%
shiftit 343986/s    153%      --