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sub save {
    my($file, $data) = @_;
...
    }
    return wantarray ? %hash : \%hash;
}

my %one = ( a => 'alpha', z => 'zeta', b => 'beta');
save("data.txt", \%one);
...
printf "a stands for %s\n", $one{a};
printf "b stands for %s\n", $two->{b};
printf "z stands for %s\n", $three{z};