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my $array = [[apple, a1], [apple, a2], [apple, a3]]; 
my %hash = ();
...
    $hash{$_->[0]} = [] unless defined($hash{$_->[0]});
    push (@{$hash{$_->[0]}}, $_->[1]); 
}

use List::Util qw(reduce);

...
    push(@$a, $b->[1]); 
    $a;
} @$array;