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$! = 0;
$line = <$file>;
...
        { print "reached eof\n"; }
else
        { $line=~/(.*)/; print qq(read a line: "$1"); }

echo $'three\nshort\nlines' > a;
 perl -we 'open $f, "<", "a"; for(0..3) { $!=10000; $l = <$f>; $s = $!
+; warn +(defined($l)?$l=~/(.*)/&&qq/"$1"/:"undef"), " $s\n"; }'

"three" Bad file descriptor
"short" Unknown error 10000
"lines" Unknown error 10000
undef 
undef