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  put_element( $DATA{3}, 'h', 'i', 'worked' );

  put_element( \%DATA, 3, 'h', 'i', 'worked' );

  put_element( \%DATA, qw(3 h i worked) );

sub put_element {
  my ($hashref, @path) = @_;
...
  # Finally, set the value at the leaf
  $hashref->{$leaf} = $value;
}