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$count = 10;

$copy = $count;

$ref = \$count; # initialise $ref's value to be a reference to $count

print "ref $ref\n";

ref SCALAR(0x000003e8)

print "ref value $$ref\n";

ref value 10

@array = (10, 20, 30);

@copy = @array;

$ref = \@array;

print "ref $ref\n";

ref ARRAY(0x000003e8)

print $ref->[1];

20

print $$ref[1];

20

%hash = (a => 1, b => 2);

$ref = \%hash;

print "ref $ref";

...
print $$ref{b};

2

$array[1] = @another; # nope - number of entries in @another is assign
+ed to $array[1]

$array[1] = \@another;

print $array[1]->[0]; # the first entry in the referenced array

sub func {
...
}

func(@ten_million);

sub func {
   my ($aref) =@_;
...
}

func(\@ten_million);

$ref = \@array;

...
print "ref $ref\n";

1001