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use strict;
my $hash_ref = {
...
        { ary_key11 => "ary_value11", ary_key12 => "ary_value12", },
    ],
};

$hash_ref -> { key1 } = "new value1";
$hash_ref -> { key3 } = "add value3";
...
use Data::Dumper;
print Dumper($hash_ref);
exit;

$hash_ref -> {
    key1 => "new value1",
    key3 => "add value3",
    ary1[2] => [{ ary_key21 => "ary_value21", ary_key22 => "ary_value2
+2", }],
};