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    my $M = 8;
    my $A = 5;
...
        $X = (($X * $A) + 1) % $M;
        return ($X);
    }

    +---------------+
    |            +  |
...
    |+              |
    |      +        |
    +---------------+

    my $Y = 0;
    my @T = (0) x $M;
...
        ($Y, $T[$Y]) = ($T[$Y], lcrng());
        return ($Y);
    }

    +---------------+
    |          +   +|
...
    |+              |
    |    +   +      |
    +---------------+

    $Y == 1
    @T == ( 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 )