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my %hash = (
    key1 => 'longstring',
    key2 => alter('longstring'),
);

my %hash = (
    key1 => 'longstring',
    key2 => alter($hash{key1}),
);

my $s = 'longstring';
my %hash = (
    key1 => $s,
    key2 => alter($s),
);

my %hash = map {$_ => {
                        key1 => 'longstring'.$_.'more',
                        key2 => alter('longstring'.$_.'more')
                      }
               } @list;