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  1. or download this
    use strict;
    use warnings;
    ...
    
        warn sprintf "at end: BAR '%s'\n",
            ! exists $foo{BAR} ?  '<absent>' : ! defined $foo{BAR} ? '<und
    +ef>' : $foo{BAR};
    
  2. or download this
    at start: BAR '<absent>'
    at end: BAR '<absent>'
    
  3. or download this
    at start: BAR '<absent>'
    at end: BAR '<undef>'