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my %data = (
  ma_test => 1,
...
my $text = 'titl=This is test $ma_test of $mb_test broadcasting system
+';
$text =~ s/\$(\w+)/ $data{$1} /g;
print $text;

my %data = (
  ma_test => 1,
...
my $text = 'titl=This is test $ma_test blah $x of $mb_test broadcastin
+g system';
$text =~ s/\$(\w+)/ exists $data{lc $1} ? $data{lc $1} : '==VARIABLE_N
+OT_FOUND==' /eg;
print $text;