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perl -MBSD::Resource -le'setrlimit(RLIMIT_NPROC,20,50);
  system qq(echo 1);' # hangs, fork fails with EAGAIN
perl -MBSD::Resource -le'setrlimit(RLIMIT_NPROC,20,20);
  system qq(echo 1);' # also hangs

perl -MBSD::Resource -le'setrlimit(RLIMIT_NPROC,20,10);
  system qq(echo 1);' # succeeds
...
perl -MBSD::Resource -le'setrlimit(RLIMIT_NPROC,2,1);
  for(1..10){if(fork==0){print"child $_";sleep 1;exit}};
  waitpid(-1,0)' # succeeds, prints "child 1".."child 10"