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you show
$hash{'mode'}{'component'} = [{'command' => 'cmd1'}, {'command' => 'cm
+d2'}];
...
but I'd go for
$hash{'mode'}{'component'}{'commands'} = ['cmd1', 'cmd2'];

#!/perl -w
use Data::Dumper;
...
    } 
}
print Dumper(\%the_hash);

push @{$the_hash{$current_mode}{$current_comp}{'commands'}}, $data;

$VAR1 = {
          'mode1' => {
...
                                  }
                     }
        };