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my %aMenu = { label => "  A", MenuItems => [ @MenuItems ] };

my %aMenu = ( label => "  A", MenuItems => [ @MenuItems ] );

# if  @MenuItems actually has something it it, then   MenuItems => [@M
+enuItems]   is fine
# but for simplicity i just made it MenuItems => []
...
foreach my $app (map {lc $_} @sorted_applications) {
  push @{ $menus{$app}->{MenuItems} }, $app;
}

my %menus;
foreach my $app (map {lc $_} @sorted_applications) {
  $menus{$app} ||= { label => "  ".uc($app), MenuItems => [] };
  push @{ $menus{$app}->{MenuItems} }, $app;
}