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%hash = (
    America       => 'country',
    France        => 'country',
    'George Bush' => 'name',
);

%hash = (
    country   => [ 'USA', 'France', 'Austria', 'Israel'],
    name      => [ 'Georg Bush', 'Marie LePen', 'Jörg Haider', 'Ehud O
+lmert'], 
    ...
);

while (defined(my $line = <FH>)) {     # read one line into $line
  while(my($repl,$ary) = each %hash) { # iterate over %hash
...
  }
  print $line;                         # done
}