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use Encode qw( decode );

...

$s = do { use utf8; "高" };
print(length($s), "\n");  # 1

use Encode qw( encode );

...

$s2 = encode('utf8', $s);
print(length($s2), "\n");  # 3

use strict;
use warnings;
...
binmode(STDOUT, ':utf8');
print("$chars_src\n");
print("$chars_dst\n");

...

...

print("$bytes_src\n");
print("$bytes_dst\n");

...

...
print("$chars_src\n");
binmode(STDOUT, ':bytes');
print("$bytes_dst\n");