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sub IEEE64toIEEE80 {
    my( $mantissa, $exponent, $sign ) =
...
    }
    return pack 'b80', '0'x 11 . $mantissa . '1' . $exponent . $sign;
}

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c:\test>\test\to80bit.pl >junk.dat          c:\test>readreal80 junk.da
+t
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF -1.#QNAN                   -nan
...
7FF7FFFFFFFFFFFF  1.#QNAN                    nan
7FF8000000000000  1.#QNAN                    nan
7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF  1.#QNAN                    nan