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    my %hash1 = ( );  # %hash1 is a normal hash (note the '%' prefix)
    $hash1{$name} -> {'uid'}     = $uid;
    $hash1{$name} -> {'gid'}     = $gid;
    $hash1{$name} -> {'gecos'} = $gecos;

    my $hash1 = { };  # $hash1 is a hash reference (note the '$' prefi
+x)
    $hash1 -> {$name} -> {'uid'}     = $uid;
    $hash1 -> {$name} -> {'gid'}     = $gid;
    $hash1 -> {$name} -> {'gecos'} = $gecos;

$VAR1 = {
          'jblow' => {
...
                                   }
                       }
        };

$VAR1 = {
          'jblow' => {
...
                                   }
                       }
        };