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use strict;
use warnings;
...
ari 3982/s   -- -38%
grt 6467/s  62%   --

    st => sub  {             
        my 
...
               map { my $k = lc substr $_->[ 4 ], 0, 3; push @$_,$k;  
+$_ }
               @a_of_a;
    }