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{ a => 'b' }->{$k};

my $hash_ref = { a => 'b' };
# and then
$hash_ref->{$k}

use strict;
use warnings;
...
    'lexical_ref' => sub { for my $x (qw(a b a b a b)) { my $y = $lexi
+cal_hash->{$x}; }},
    'const' => sub { for my $x (qw(a b a b a b)) { my $y = CONST_HASH(
+)->{$x}; }},
});

                Rate        hash  global_ref lexical_ref       const
hash         27571/s          --        -73%        -74%        -76%
global_ref  102819/s        273%          --         -3%        -10%
lexical_ref 105720/s        283%          3%          --         -8%
const       114361/s        315%         11%          8%          --