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foreach my $i ( 0..$#data ) {
   my %keys = keys %dataPos; # Changed  hash name to match hash OP is 
+building
...
   
   print "$data[$i] -- > $i\n";        
}

foreach my $i ( 0..$#data ) {
    my $key = $data[i];
...
    $dataPos{$key} = $i;
    print "$key -- > $i\n";        
}