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Type                              Min       Max
--------------------------------  --------  -----------
signed n-bit int                  -2^(n-1)  (2^(n-1))-1
unsigned n-bit int                0         (2^n)-1
IEEE float with n-bit mantissa    -2^(n+1)  2^(n+1)

Type                              Min                Max
--------------------------------  -----------------  ----------------
signed 32-bit integer                   -2147483648        2147483647
unsigned 32-bit integer                           0        4294967295
IEEE float with 52-bit mantissa   -9007199254740992  9007199254740992

$x = 2**(52+1);

...
   printf("%f\n", $x);
   $x++;
}

9.00719925474099200e+015  <-- That's exact.

...
9007199254740992.000000       bit dropped.
9007199254740992.000000
9007199254740992.000000