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use strict;

...
        my @matches = m/(\d+)|([^\d]+)/g;
        print join ":", grep { defined $_ and $_ !~ m/^(r|rd|red)$/i }
+ @matches;
}

$ echo "12345 (Gray) 6789 (Red)" |  ./red.pl
12345:Gray:6789
...
12345:Gray:6789
$ echo "12345Gray6789Red" |  ./red.pl
12345:Gray:6789