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1 byte:                       0..127
2 bytes:                    128..etc
...
7 bytes:      4_398_046_511_104
8 bytes:    562_949_953_421_312
9 bytes: 72_057_594_037_927_936

sub compress_uint {
   my ($uint) = @_;
...
for (100, 1000, 100000) {
   print $fh compress_uint($_);
}

sub decompress_uint {
   our $compressed; local *compressed = \($_[0]);
...
while (length($raw)) {
   push @nums, decompress_uint($raw);
}