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my $rxParsePath = qr
   {(?x)               # Use extended regular expression syntax to
...
                       # be a file name part
      $                # Anchor pattern to end of string
   };

use strict;
use warnings;
...
   map { sprintf qq{%20s%15s%15s%10s%10s\n}, @$_ }
   map { [ $_, map { defined $_ ? $_ : q{} } m{$rxParsePath} ] }
   qw  { /etc/motd /var/adm/messages.1 .alias a.html ab.cd.txt /bin };

                Path      Directory      File Name File Stub Extension
           /etc/motd          /etc/           motd      motd
...
              a.html                        a.html         a     .html
           ab.cd.txt                     ab.cd.txt     ab.cd      .txt
                /bin              /            bin       bin