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sub another_func {
...
  # the 'some_hash' data, but we have created another
  # reference (the return value) so the data lives...
}

# Note use of {} (same as for accessing hash elem)
my $ref_to_anon_hash = { foo => 'bar' };
# Note use of () (same as for accessing array elem)
my $ref_to_anon_array = [ 1, 2 ];

sub leak_mem {
  my $foo;  # foo data has one reference, the 'foo' name
...
  # to zero.
  # We just lost some bytes, sir.
}