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use Benchmark qw( cmpthese );
use List::Util qw( shuffle );
...
ref_h   139/s   140%   117%     6%     --    -0%    -6%
hash_r  140/s   141%   117%     6%     0%     --    -5%
hash_h  147/s   155%   130%    12%     6%     6%     --

my @rand = ( map { int rand $range } 1 .. $ITERS )[0 .. $ITERS/2];
my @hits = ( shuffle keys %HASH )[0 .. $ITERS/2];
my @miss = ( grep { ! exists $HASH{$_} } 0 .. $range )[0 .. $ITERS/2];

        Rate  ref_h hash_h  ref_r  ref_m hash_r hash_m
ref_h  229/s     --   -10%   -13%   -18%   -22%   -30%
...
ref_m  279/s    22%    10%     6%     --    -5%   -14%
hash_r 295/s    29%    16%    12%     6%     --   -10%
hash_m 326/s    42%    28%    24%    17%    11%     --