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$ cat passwd
root:x:0:0:ifeuu1 root:/root:/bin/bash
...
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

#!/usr/bin/perl
# perl-grep4.pl
...
            }
        }
    }

$ Test5.pl '(?<!\broot:)x:0:' passwd
noncom:x:0:0:cause RegEx Fail:/noncom:/bin/bash
                $&: x:0:

PW:root:passwd:(?<!\broot:)x:0:

#!/usr/bin/perl
#use strict;
...
  print "\n";
}
print "\n";

$ Test6.pl

...
                $&:
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
                $&: