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#we are packing nibbles (4 bits) at a time
# H is big-endian order
...
binmode(BIN);
print BIN $raw;
close BIN;

# v1 is a little-endian 16 bit (short) so needs 2 bytes
# if substr didn't limit to 2 bytes substr($raw,1) works also
...
print $len,"\n";                          #prints 71
print unpack ('v', substr($raw,1)),"\n";  #prints 71
print unpack ('x v', $raw ),"\n";         #prints 71

record:
   unsigned char  record_type   8 bits
   unsigned short length        16 bits little endian
   ... some data type and description of these sections...