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my %subs;
while (<TEXT>) {
...
#$xml =~ s/>[^>]*\b\K($pat)(?=\b[^>]*<)/$subs{lc($1)}/gi;
#$xml =~ s/>[^>]*(?<=\W)\K($pat)(?=\W)(?=[^>]*<)/$subs{lc($1)}/gi;
$xml =~ s/>[^>]*(?<=\W)\K($pat)(?=\W)/$subs{lc($1)}/gi;