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if ( $contents =~ /line3/g ) {
  if ( $contents =~ /(line2-)(\w*)/g ) {
    print $2;
  }
}

if ( $contents =~ /^line3/mo ) {
  if ( $contents =~ /^line2-(\w*)/mo ) {
    print $1; # has to be changed as well
  }
}

my $string = "abcde abcde adcde";
while ($string =~ /cd/og) {
...
      print "a$1 matched at ",pos $string, "\n";
    }
}