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sub write_array_1{
  my $file = shift;
...
  print FILE @$r_array;
  close FILE;
}

use strict;
use warnings;
...
Pass by ref explicitly:  2 wallclock secs ( 1.84 usr +  0.00 sys =  1.
+84 CPU) @ 16.27/s (n=30)
Pass by ref transparently:  3 wallclock secs ( 2.94 usr +  0.00 sys = 
+ 2.94 CPU) @ 10.21/s (n=30)
Pass by value:  4 wallclock secs ( 4.42 usr +  0.02 sys =  4.44 CPU) @
+  6.76/s (n=30)