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my $text = "\xCE\xA9";  # Omega, UTF-8 encoded

...

open FH, ">:utf8", "myfile" or die $!;
print FH $text;         # wrong: C3 8E C2 A9

use Encode;

...

open FH, ">:utf8", "myfile" or die $!;
print FH $text;         # OK

use Encode;

...

open FH, ">:utf8", "myfile" or die $!;
print FH $text;         # OK

my $text = "\xCE\xA9";

...

open FH, ">", "myfile" or die $!;  # no PerlIO encoding layer
print FH $text;         # OK

print "is Omega" if $text =~ /\x{03A9}/;    # doesn't match!