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system("mysqldump","--add-drop-table","-uroot","-ppassword", "mydataba
+se","|","gzip","-9c",">","$backup_dir/mydatabase.sql.gz");

mysqldump '-add-drop-table' '-uroot '-ppassword' 'mydatabase' '|' 'gzi
+p' '-9c' '>' "$backup_dir/mydatabase.sql.gz"

use IPC::Open3 qw( open3 );

...
   waitpid($mysqldump_pid, 0);
   waitpid($gzip_pid, 0);
}

sub text_to_shell_lit(_) {
   return $_[0] if $_[0] =~ /^[a-zA-Z0-9_\-]+\z/;
...
my $output_file_lit = text_to_shell_lit("$backup_dir/mydatabase.sql.gz
+");
   
system("$mysqldump_cmd | $gzip_cmd > $output_file_lit");