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use strict;
use warnings;
use 5.010;  #if you are using perl 5.10 or greater

open SHAKESPEARE, "complete_works.txt"
    or die "The haunted grave of Shakespeare won't open: $!";

*someName

$x  -- scalar
@x -- array
...
&x -- subroutine

(as well as a filehandle named x)

my $file = 'out.txt'
open my $sh, $file or die ...