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  1. or download this
    my $byte = 129;                          # 0b10000001 = 129
my $most_significant_5  = $byte >> 3;    # 0b10000    =  16
my $least_significant_3 = $byte & 0x7;   # 0b     001 =   1
  2. or download this
                                 is a simplification of
              ----------------------------------------------------
$byte >> 3    ( $byte & 0xFF ) >> 3    or    ( $byte >> 3 ) & 0x1F
$byte & 0x7   ( $byte & 0x7  ) >> 0    or    ( $byte >> 0 ) & 0x7