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846 = 8*(10**2) + 4*(10**1) + 6*(10**0)
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units: ( int($num / (10**0)) ) % 10
tens: ( int($num / (10**1)) ) % 10
hundreds: ( int($num / (10**2)) ) % 10
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23 = 1*(2**4) + 0*(2**3) + 1*(2**2) + 1*(2**1) + 1*(2**0)
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bit 0: ( int($num / (2**0)) ) % 2
bit 1: ( int($num / (2**1)) ) % 2
bit 2: ( int($num / (2**2)) ) % 2
...
bit 7: ( int($num / (2**3)) ) % 2
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int($i / (2**$j))
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$i >> $j
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$k % 2
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$k & 1
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bit 0: ( $num >> 0 ) & 1
bit 1: ( $num >> 1 ) & 1
bit 2: ( $num >> 2 ) & 1
...
bit 7: ( $num >> 7 ) & 1
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bit 0: ( $num & (1 << 0) ) >> 0 = ( $num & (1 << 0) ) ? '1' : '0'
bit 1: ( $num & (1 << 1) ) >> 1 = ( $num & (1 << 1) ) ? '1' : '0'
bit 2: ( $num & (1 << 2) ) >> 2 = ( $num & (1 << 2) ) ? '1' : '0'
...
bit 7: ( $num & (1 << 7) ) >> 7 = ( $num & (1 << 7) ) ? '1' : '0'