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use strict;
use warnings;
...
__END__
{ tree => { apple => 6 } }
{ tree => { apple => 6 } }

use strict;
use warnings;
...
__END__
{ tree => [4, { apple => [6] }] }
{ tree => [4, { apple => [6, { fuju => 4, red => 9 }] }] }

for my $key (keys %hash) {
    my ($root_value, $subtree) = @{$hash{$key}};
...
tree  apple  6
tree  apple  fuju  4
tree  apple  red  9