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$mode = sprintf "%o", 420; # $mode = 644
chmod $mode, $file;

chmod 01204, $file; # 01204 octal == 644 decimal

# 1. octal number
chmod 0644, $file;
...
# 6. decimal with bitmasks
$mode = 438 & ~022; # 438 == 0666
chmod $mode, $file;