That's an official FAQ: perlfaq 4: How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]?

Personally, I'd be inclined to use the dual approach: match the stuff between brackets, or nonspaces.

$_ = 'FDR [62.10060.051-F] [62.10051.381] [this includes spaces!] 0 1 
+0';
@parts = /\[.*?\]|[^\[\]\ ]+/g;

$\ = "\n";
print for @parts;
[download]

Yes it can be that compact. Result:

FDR
[62.10060.051-F]
[62.10051.381]
[this includes spaces!]
0
1
0
[download]

A limitation is that you can't easily split on single spaces, thus returning empty strings as a section.